{ "schema": "tinyskiff.lessonPacket.v0", "lessonCode": "TSK-DAY05-LAMP", "course": "TinySkiff ESP32-S3 Lab", "day": 5, "title": "Make a mini table lamp", "status": "published", "learnerProfile": "adult beginner; curious and capable; no electronics assumed", "estimatedTimeMinutes": 20, "mission": "Keep yesterday's button-and-LED circuit and change only the code, so a single press latches the LED on and the next press turns it off — a real lamp switch instead of a button you have to hold.", "mainPath": "Arduino/C++", "optionalSidePath": "MicroPython", "sourceMetadata": { "officialPdf": "source/Freenove_Super_Starter_Kit_for_ESP32_S3-main/C/C_Tutorial.pdf", "chapter": "Chapter 2 Button & LED", "page": 48, "arduinoSketch": "source/Freenove_Super_Starter_Kit_for_ESP32_S3-main/C/Sketches/Sketch_02.2_TableLamp/Sketch_02.2_TableLamp.ino", "micropythonFile": "source/Freenove_Super_Starter_Kit_for_ESP32_S3-main/Python/Python_Codes/02.2_TableLamp/TableLamp.py", "imageAsset": "docs/course/assets/day-05/circuit-page-48.png", "imageAlt": "Official Freenove circuit for Button and LED: a LED on GPIO 2 through a 220 ohm resistor to ground, and a push button on GPIO 13 held by 10 kilo-ohm resistors, shown as both a schematic and a breadboard photo.", "licenseNote": "Based on Freenove official material released under CC BY-NC-SA 3.0; preserve attribution and non-affiliation language.\n" }, "parts": [ { "name": "ESP32-S3 board", "imageAsset": "docs/course/assets/shared/item-esp32-s3-board.jpg", "explanation": "A development board is a friendly package around a tiny computer chip. The ESP32-S3 runs your uploaded sketch, controls pins, reads sensors, and can also use USB, Wi-Fi, and Bluetooth. In this lesson, it sends the ping signal and measures the echo time." }, { "name": "GPIO extension board", "imageAsset": "docs/course/assets/shared/item-gpio-extension-board.png", "explanation": "GPIO means general-purpose input/output. These pins are connection points your code can use. The extension board makes them easier to see, reach, and wire without cramming everything onto the ESP32-S3 itself." }, { "name": "LED", "imageAsset": "docs/course/assets/shared/item-led.png", "explanation": "A LED is a one-way light. It only lights when its longer leg (the +) faces the pin and its shorter leg (the −) faces ground. Too much current burns it out, so a LED always sits behind a resistor." }, { "name": "220 Ω resistor", "imageAsset": "docs/course/assets/shared/item-resistor.png", "explanation": "A resistor limits how much current flows. Placed in series with the LED, the 220 Ω one keeps the current gentle enough to light the LED instead of burning it out. The bands of colour print its value, and it has no direction." }, { "name": "2 × 10 kΩ resistors", "imageAsset": "docs/course/assets/shared/item-resistor.png", "explanation": "An input pin left floating drifts between HIGH and LOW and reads at random. A 10 kΩ resistor gently ties the pin to a known level, so it reads a steady value until a button press forces the other one." }, { "name": "Push button", "imageAsset": "docs/course/assets/shared/item-push-button.png", "explanation": "This push button has four pins in two connected pairs. Pressing it bridges the pairs and completes the circuit; releasing it breaks the connection again. It is the simplest way to hand the board a yes-or-no input." }, { "name": "Jumper wires", "imageAsset": "docs/course/assets/shared/item-jumper-wire.png", "explanation": "Jumper wires make temporary connections without soldering. Female-to-male wires have a socket on one end and a pin on the other, useful when a sensor module and board use different connector styles." }, { "name": "Arduino IDE", "imageAsset": "docs/course/assets/shared/item-arduino-ide.png", "explanation": "Arduino IDE is the desktop app that opens the sketch, compiles it, uploads it to the ESP32-S3, and shows messages from the board in Serial Monitor." } ], "wiring": [ { "partPin": "LED long leg (+)", "connectTo": "GPIO 2 via 220 Ω", "reason": "This pin switches the LED on and off." }, { "partPin": "LED short leg (−)", "connectTo": "GND", "reason": "Completes the LED's path back to zero volts." }, { "partPin": "Push button", "connectTo": "GPIO 13", "reason": "The board reads this pin to catch each press." }, { "partPin": "10 kΩ resistor", "connectTo": "3.3V", "reason": "Holds GPIO 13 HIGH until a press pulls it LOW." } ], "coachInstructions": [ "Confirm the learner still has the Day 4 circuit before uploading; do not re-wire unless something is broken.", "Keep the day to upload-and-watch; the new material is in the sketch, not the breadboard.", "Explain debounce and toggle on request, using the learner's own double-press observations.", "If a press flips the LED twice, check that both the debounce delay and the wait-until-release line are present.", "Preserve the working lamp sketch before suggesting timing changes.", "Keep the Arduino path primary; MicroPython is optional only if already set up." ], "steps": [ "Confirm the Day 4 circuit is still wired, or rebuild it from the chart.", "Keep USB unplugged until every wire matches the chart.", "Open Sketch_02.2_TableLamp.ino in Arduino IDE.", "Upload it to the ESP32-S3.", "Press the button once and let go — the LED should latch on.", "Press once more — it should turn off." ], "codeFocus": { "arduino": [ { "line": "delay(20)", "explanation": "The debounce pause — long enough for the switch's chatter to settle." }, { "line": "reverseGPIO(PIN_LED)", "explanation": "Flips the LED to the opposite of whatever it is now — on becomes off, off becomes on." }, { "line": "while (digitalRead(PIN_BUTTON) == LOW);", "explanation": "Waits right here until you let go, so one press can't count twice." } ], "micropython": [ { "line": "time.sleep_ms(20)", "explanation": "The same 20 ms debounce pause, written in Python." }, { "line": "while not button.value()", "explanation": "Holds until you release, so the press registers once." } ] }, "theoryModel": { "plainLanguage": "Remember the last state, wait out the switch's chatter, and flip only on a clean, released press.", "formula": "one clean press → flip the remembered state → the lamp stays", "notes": [ { "title": "Why the LED bounced before", "body": "A switch chatters for a few milliseconds as it closes. Without the pause the board would toggle many times per press." }, { "title": "What toggling really is", "body": "Instead of following the button live, the code keeps a state and inverts it — that memory is the whole difference from Day 4." } ] }, "test": { "expectedOutputExample": [ "Press once and release — the LED latches on and stays on.", "Press once more — it turns off and stays off.", "Each full press flips the light exactly once, cleanly." ], "successCriteria": "If a single press sometimes flips twice, the debounce pause is doing its job when it's present — and failing when it's removed." }, "troubleshooting": [ { "symptom": "One press flips it twice", "firstChecks": [ "Confirm the debounce delay and the wait-until-release line are both present." ] }, { "symptom": "Nothing latches", "firstChecks": [ "Re-run Day 4's checks — LED direction, the resistors, GPIO 2 and 13." ] }, { "symptom": "LED flickers while held", "firstChecks": [ "You may be on the Day 4 sketch — upload Sketch_02.2_TableLamp." ] }, { "symptom": "Upload fails", "firstChecks": [ "Swap in a data-capable USB cable." ] } ], "challenge": "Change one aspect of the lamp's feel — the debounce timing, or a double-press behaviour — and describe the result.", "logbookPrompts": [ "What debounce value felt best, and how did too-short and too-long each fail?", "How is a toggle different from the hold-to-light button of Day 4?", "What household thing could you now rebuild as a tiny product?" ] }